Water Resource And Air Pollution

Besides the country’s air pollution and desertification, we mentioned about one problematic issue aroused which was becoming national problem in the last article. The simplest example is that some of bigger rivers are run out. There is an example that One of Mongolian beautiful place Ulaan Tsutgalan was disappeared. In the ancient time, All Mongolian said that Water is a Source of Life. It was prohibited that nomad family didn’t move near by the river, they protected the river by building gate, as well as they didn’t throw a dirty thing into river, especially blood. But nowadays above mentioned customs are loosing its meaning.

It is common that more and more people especially herder move anywhere nearby the river and their livestock stand in the river and make the river dirty. Also the drivers wash their cars in the river and pollute it.

Another main reason of running out of the river is that people use the woods for their everyday life.

Moreover, we should mention about gold mining which is the prior reason why the rivers are running out. Most of river are polluted and run out because of these wrong activities.

Now, I would like to mention some facts about water pollution

* (amount of water which is located actively or inactively under the ground is called source water. There are 2 types which are static and dynamic)

(static water means that it is a amount of water that can be used in a way of secreting water which is contained in caves and hole in the mountain )

(amount of water can be changed depending on time and space)*

So source water has its own characteristics compare to the underground water during the process of purifying and renewing in the circulation of natural water. The water is a source of life and it can be transferred into air, ground and rock zone through the liquid, solid and air.

It is specified in the law on water of Mongolia that all types of water such as lake, ponds, rivers springs, glaciers are the one resource.

The influence of human to the resource of water and its quality is originated from the social and economical result. Lake, river and glaciers are fed by the pond of the land and rain ocean-induced. Land water pours into ocean. The recourse of water is renewed in different time during the process of water circulation. If we overuse any resources, it will be disappeared.

The surface water of Mongolia is 599 km3. 83.7% of water is lakes, 10.5% is glaciers, and 5.8% rivers. 85% of surface water is fresh water. 93.6% of it is relevant to Khovsgol lake. The rivers are renewed in short time. That means it is renewed 20 times a day and 18 times annually.

The resource of water is 30.6 km3. If we include amount of water from Russia and China it will be 34.6km3. Mongolian water resources are divided into 3 branches- 51.5% is the Arctic Ocean, 36.7% is non out streaming of Central Asia and 11.8% is Pacific Ocean.

*Level of fresh water is expressed by the index of river quality. Энэхүү индекс нь аммианы болон нитратын азот, эрдэс, фосфор, периматын эсэлдэх чанар жинлэгдсэн бодисын усан дахь агууламжийг усны чанарын стандартад заагдсан зөвшөөрхүйц дээд агууламжтай харьцуулан бохирдлын төвшинг зэрэгт хувааж 5-25 баллаар дүгнэж үнэлнэ. Water quality is divided into the following:

* 1st level-very fresh /5-7/
* 2nd level- fresh /8-12/
* 3rd level- less polluted /13-17/
* 4th level-polluted /18-22/
* 5th level-polluted lot /above 22-/

Mongolia is included in 1-3 levels. Rivers of non out streaming of Central Asia is more fresh than others. About 50% of rivers are in the levels -very fresh and fresh.

However, the pollution is appeared more in the rivers of Pacific Ocean area. It is showed that there is more pollution in this area because of the people’s wrong actions. Харин бохирдуулагч бодис тус бүрээр авч үзвэл нитратын агууламжаар маш цэвэр, эрдэс фосфор, перманганатын агууламжаар маш цэврээс боломжийн цэвэр, умбуур бодисын агууламжаар цэврээс бага зэргийн бохирдолтой, аммонийн азотийн агууламжаар боломжийн цэврээс бага бохирдолтой зэрэгт тус тус багтана.

Decreasing the amount of resource water in Mongolia is relevant to the people’s wrong actions. If we cut large amount of wood, it will be main reason of reducing resource water.